Solution would be some combination of:
- reducing federal taxes and allowing the provinces to raise their taxes to compensate, with the Feds cutting per capita transfers by the same dollar total
- something similar to Australia that sets a floor on the percentage of federal receipts collected in a province that must be transferred back or spent in that province
I don’t think the two points you raise are compatible in the Canadian context as the second necessitates more federal spending while the first necessitates less. Since federal receipts in Canada includes EI, OAS, GIS different demographics can swing the results and do. In Australia big states vary by 20% max while Western Australia is doing its own thing. Australia has federal equivalents to Alberta Works (welfare) and AISH (disability pension).
In Australia ~80% of government revenue is federal. In Canada, it is in the low 40s. Canada used to be more like Australia, in the 1940s, and proposed being exactly like it in the late 30s.
You might not realize that the Australian system may as a sound bite sound better to you, but it was rejected in Canada as being even more generous to have not provinces. The floor you talk about is a backstop to very low payments to Western Australia.
I have the feeling you would like the very high floor for rich provinces (in Australia 75% of GST revenues and importantly only GST revenues) but not the restrictions of Australia (one GST rate imposed nationwide with no choices for higher, lower, or no state/provincial GST).
In Australia the system results in HUGE differences in grants between areas, their equalization system. Tasmania’s transfer of GST revenue per capita is more than 240% of Western Australia’s, even after the floor. South Australia and Queensland, 190%.
I think it is a ‘hear a bit, assume grass is much greener’. Despite what is contemporary Canadian discourse, Canada’s system was set up to limit benefits while ensuring a political crisis didn’t reemerge of needing to alleviate the symptoms of depression level poverty in less well off provinces (and the extremely less well off new province of Newfoundland). Australia’s system is much more generous, which at least partially accounts for less variation between the states GDP per capita wise.